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Supreme Court of India 2025-05-22 allowed

HDFC Bank Ltd vs State of Maharashtra and Anr

Bench: 2 — Manoj Misra, K. V. Viswanathan

In Brief

HDFC Bank Limited prosecuted R Square Shri Sai Baba Abhikaran Pvt. Ltd and its three directors for issuing a dishonored cheque. The Bombay High Court quashed proceedings against one director, Mrs. Ranjana Sharma, finding insufficient averments under Section 141 NI Act (vicarious liability of company officers). The Supreme Court reversed this, holding that the complaint adequately alleged she was responsible for the company's day-to-day affairs, management and working—sufficient to invoke Section 141. The Court clarified that the exact statutory language need not be mechanically reproduced; substance matters. There is no universal rule that all directors are in charge of everyday affairs—it depends on facts, including board resolutions. The burden then shifts to the accused to prove she was not in charge.

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Criminal Procedure Negotiable Instruments Act Cheque Dishonour Vicarious Liability Company Law Directors' Liability Section 141 NI Act Pleading and Practice

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