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Supreme Court of India 2019-02-06 allowed

BIR SINGH vs MUKESH KUMAR

Bench: 3 — N.V. Ramana, Deepak Gupta, Indira Banerjee

In Brief

A cheque drawer cannot escape liability under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act merely by claiming the payee is in a fiduciary relationship with him. The Supreme Court held that the presumption under Section 139—that a cheque was issued to discharge a debt—is rebuttable, but the burden lies on the accused to prove otherwise through cogent evidence. A high court erred in reversing concurrent trial and appellate convictions based on a fiduciary relationship argument. The court also clarified that filling in a blank signed cheque does not constitute alteration. The conviction was restored with enhanced fine as compensation.

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Negotiable Instruments Criminal Law Section 138 NI Act Cheque Dishonour Revisional Jurisdiction Evidence Presumption of Law

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