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Supreme Court of India 2026-01-05 partly_allowed

GULFISHA FATIMA vs STATE (GOVT. OF NCT OF DELHI)

Bench: 2 — Aravind Kumar, N.V. Anjaria

In Brief

The Supreme Court addressed bail pleas from seven accused in a 2020 Delhi riots case, examining prolonged pre-trial incarceration under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act. The Court held that while Article 21 protects personal liberty, the statutory bar under Section 43D(5) UAPA—requiring "prima facie true" accusations before bail—must be applied through disciplined constitutional scrutiny, not mechanical rules. Bail was denied to alleged masterminds Umar Khalid and Sharjeel Imam, whose roles encompassed planning and strategic direction of the alleged conspiracy. Bail was granted to five accused (Gulfisha Fatima, Meeran Haider, Shifa-ur-Rehman, Mohd. Saleem Khan, and Shadab Ahmed), whose alleged roles were confined to operational facilitation. The Court clarified that delay triggers heightened scrutiny of necessity, distinguishing between strategic architects and field-level operatives, and imposing strict conditions on release.

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Criminal Procedure Bail Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act Constitutional Law National Security Communal Violence Pre-trial Detention

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