In Brief
The Supreme Court held that under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, vehicles cannot be structurally altered in ways that deviate from the manufacturer's original specifications as recorded in the certificate of registration. The Court rejected the Kerala High Court's view that alterations were permissible under state rules. Only three categories of alterations are permitted: engine modification for alternative fuels (subject to conditions), engine replacement for transport operators holding 10+ vehicles, and exemptions granted by Central Government. Structural changes extending vehicle length, platform, or chassis were ruled impermissible. The Court emphasized that safety and environmental protection outweigh individual interests, and rules are subservient to the Act."
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