In Brief
Multiple civil appeals raised constitutional questions regarding the application of backwardness tests to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes under Article 16(4A), whether landmark decisions like Nagaraj required reconsideration in light of Indra Sawhney and Chinnaiah, and the scope of creamy layer principles within SC/ST communities. A two-judge bench found these matters involved substantial constitutional questions requiring authoritative interpretation under Article 145(3) and referred the cases to a Constitution Bench for final determination.
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